Dienstag, 23. Februar 2016

Basic toxicokinetics.001,004,005

Basic toxicokinetics.005

Administrative data

Purpose flag:
key study
Study result type:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
non-standard study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1979

Materials and methods

Objective of study
Objective of study:
absorption

Test materials

Identity of test material same as for substance defined in section 1 (if not read-across):
no
Test material identityopen allclose all

Test animals

Species:
rat

Results and discussion

Pharmacokinetic studies

Toxicokinetic parametersopen allclose all

Metabolite characterisation studies

Metabolites identified:
no
Details on metabolites:
not relevant

Bioaccessibility

Any other information on results incl. tables:
RS-Freetext: 
Absorption of inorganic sulfate after ingestion in rats 
(male, Wistar (30-330 g body weight) was investigated. A 
inorganic sulfate concentration was measured in the serum 
after 2 hours of oral administration of 5 mmol Na2SO4. A 
threefold increase in serum sulfate concentration was 
measured. Complete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract 
was measured using 35S labelled sulfate.

Applicant's summary and conclusion


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Basic toxicokinetics.004

Administrative data

Purpose flag:
key study
Study result type:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
non-standard study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1981

Materials and methods

Methods:
in vivo
GLP compliance:
no
Objective of study
Objective of study:
absorption

Test materials

Identity of test material same as for substance defined in section 1 (if not read-across):
no
Test material identityopen allclose all
Identifier:
EC name
Identity:
sodium sulphate
Details on test material:
IUCLID4 Test substance: as prescribed by 1.1 - 1.4

Test animals

Species:
other: homo sapiens

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: unspecified
Doses / concentrations:
Males: 18.1 g Na2SO4 decahydrate (800 g of the anhydrous salt)
No. of animals per sex per dose:
Males: 5 Females: 0

Results and discussion

Pharmacokinetic studies

Toxicokinetic parametersopen allclose all
Toxicokinetic parameters:
Half-life 1st:
Toxicokinetic parameters:
Half-life 2nd:
Toxicokinetic parameters:
Half-life 3rd:

Bioaccessibility

Any other information on results incl. tables:
RS-Freetext: 
Prior to exposure  three  separate  24-hour periods for 
urine volume and baseline sulfate excretion determination 
(twice, one -week interval). Subjects received either above 
dose in a single dose or in four hourly increments; one week 
later the alternative dosing schedule. 
72 -hour urine was collected in 24-hour portions. Urinary 
free sulfate excretion corrected for baseline was about 53.4 
+-16.8 for the single dose and 61.8 +-7.8 for the divided 
dose. Single dose causeds severe diarrhoea, divided dose did 
not.  Excretion of free sulfate is not influenced by urine 
flow, but excretion of organicaly bound sulfate is.in a 
linear fashion.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Sodium sulfate is better absorbed from the intestine when given in divided dose than from a single large dose, indicating saturation of the transport system.



*************************************************

Basic toxicokinetics.001

Administrative data

Purpose flag:
key study
Study result type:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
non-standard study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1976

Materials and methods

Methods:
in vivo
GLP compliance:
no
Objective of study
Objective of study:
distribution

Test materials

Details on test material:
IUCLID4 Test substance: other TS: Na2SO4 (35S-labeled)

Test animals

Species:
other: homo sapiens

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
other: intravenously and oral
Doses / concentrations:
Males: 60-80 microCurie
No. of animals per sex per dose:
Males: 8 Females: 0

Results and discussion

Pharmacokinetic studies

Toxicokinetic parametersopen allclose all
Toxicokinetic parameters:
Half-life 1st:
Toxicokinetic parameters:
Half-life 2nd:
Toxicokinetic parameters:
Half-life 3rd:

Bioaccessibility

Any other information on results incl. tables:
RS-Freetext: 
Volunteers received above dose IV, followed by 24-hours 
fluid restriction and blood and urine collection to 
determine radio-activity and creatinine concentration 
Same volunteers received same amount orally 14 days later, 
followed by same regimen. 
Plasma equilibrium iwas reached within 90 and 105 minutes 
respectively. 
Calculated mean extracelluar fluid space was 16.8 +- 1.1 and 
15.3 +- 1.2 respectively or only 9%. 
Conclusion: 35S-labeled sulfate is absorbed completely and 
rapidly.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
35S-labeled sulfate is absorbed completely and rapidly.


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